Finland’s forest sector is undergoing a clear transformation. In 2025, the use of directly harvested wood for energy declined, even as total wood consumption increased. This is shown by preliminary data from Luonnonvarakeskus (Luke).
Firewood, long a central part of energy use in many households—particularly during winter months—saw reduced consumption over the year. The development marks a shift in a country where bioenergy has traditionally held a strong position.
Less firewood despite a cold climate
Many Finnish households still rely on firewood for heating, especially in detached homes and rural areas. Despite this, the volume of wood taken directly from forests for energy use declined in 2025.
According to Luke, there are two main reasons for the decrease. On the one hand, demand for firewood has weakened. On the other hand, alternative uses for wood—particularly in industry—have gained importance.
At the same time, total wood use increased compared to the previous year. This suggests that a larger share of raw material is now directed towards industrial processing rather than being burned directly.
Forest industry expanding
In earlier reports, Luke has pointed out that the forest industry is increasingly shifting towards higher value-added products, such as pulp, paper and wood-based bioproducts. This development reduces the incentive to use raw wood for simple energy production.
Changes in energy use
The decline in firewood consumption is occurring alongside broader changes in Finland’s energy system. Alternative heating solutions, including district heating and electricity-based systems, have become more widespread.
At the same time, questions remain regarding the role of bioenergy. Firewood and other biomass are often considered part of the energy mix, but critics argue that direct combustion of wood leads to resource inefficiencies compared to industrial use.
The developments in 2025 indicate that the balance between energy use and material use of forest resources is being reassessed in Finland.
Source: Luonnonvarakeskus (Luke)
